Efficacy of surgical or endoscopic treatment of idiopathic achalasia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background Treatment of achalasia has changed substantially over the past 20 years. Therapeutic options offered to patients vary, depending on access to both resources and expertise, and include pneumatic dilation (PD), laparoscopic Heller's myotomy (LHM), or per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). Although there are head-to-head trials of these interventions, many of these are small and underpowered, so relative efficacy is unknown. We did a...