Abstract Ginseng marc is a major by-product of the ginseng industry currently used as animal feed or fertilizer. This fibrous, insoluble waste stream is rich in cell wall polysaccharides and therefore a potential source of ingredients for functional food with health-promoting properties. However, the extraction of these polysaccharides has proved problematic and their exact composition remains unknown. Here we have analysed the composition, structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from ginseng root, stem and leaf marc fractionated using a chelator and alkali solutions. The pectic fraction has been extracted from root marc in high abundance and can activate the production of interleukine-1α and the hematopoietic growth factor by RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, which are important immune regulators of T-cells during inflammatory responses and infection processes. Our study reveals the potential to increase the value of ginseng marc by generating carbohydrate-based products with a higher value than animal feed.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important nutritionally rich legume crop that is consumed worldwide. Prior to cooking, desi chickpea seeds are most often dehulled and cleaved to release the split cotyledons, referred to as dhal. Compositional variation between desi genotypes has a significant impact on nutritional quality and downstream processing, and this has been investigated mainly in terms of starch and protein content. Studies in pulses such as bean and lupin have also implicated cell ...
Last. Jaehong Han(CAU: Chung-Ang University)H-Index: 2
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Whereas Korean ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is harvested in the fall, the variation of ginsenoside content in field-grown ginseng across seasonal development has never been investigated in Korea. Thus, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis of nine major ginsenosides, including ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, and Ro, in the roots of five-year-old P. ginseng cultivated in Bongwha, Korea in 2017 was performed. The total ginsenoside content changed as many as...
An oligosaccharide was isolated in high purity and excellent yield from the water-extractable mucilage of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds using an optimized solid-phase extraction method. LC–MS an ...
Last. Byung-Soo Chun(Pukyong National University)H-Index: 26
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Abstract This study investigates the influence of process conditions on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to maximize the bioactive compounds, including total saponins (TS), total phenolic compounds (TP) and total antioxidants (TA), produced from ginseng by-product (GBP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the influences of temperature [180–240 °C], pressure [15–45 bar], solid to liquid (S/L) ratio [0.04–0.09 g/mL], agitation speed [100–200 RPM], and reaction time [5–...
Arabinoxylans are one group of dietary fiber components in cereal grains, and specific health benefits have been linked with their molecular fine structures and hence with physicochemical properties such as solubility in aqueous media. To characterize the fiber quality for functional foods, starchy endosperm and bran fractions from 11 durum wheat lines were analyzed for total and water-soluble arabinoxylans, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, and bound ferulic acid. The arabinoxylan contents ranged from 11 to ...
Last. Mary C. Dinauer(WashU: Washington University in St. Louis)H-Index: 84
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Abstract The leukocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase generates reactive oxygen species essential in microbial killing and regulation of inflammation. Inactivating mutations in this enzyme lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with increased susceptibility to both pyogenic infections and to inflammatory disorders. The role of the NADPH oxidase in regulating inflammation driven by nonmicrobial stimuli is poorly understood. Here, we show that NADPH ox...
#1Byong kyu Shin(SNU: Seoul National University)H-Index: 4
#2Sung Won Kwon(SNU: Seoul National University)H-Index: 31
Last. Jeong Hill Park(SNU: Seoul National University)H-Index: 52
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Ginseng, a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the Araliaceae family, is well known for its medicinal properties that help alleviate pathological symptoms, promote health, and prevent potential diseases. Among the active ingredients of ginseng are saponins, most of which are glycosides of triterpenoid aglycones. So far, numerous saponins have been reported as components of Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng. Herein, we summarize available information about 112 saponins relat...
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of broiler diets with red ginseng marc and α-tocopherol on the growth performance and meat quality during a 35-day feeding period. A total of 225 Hubbard male broiler chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% red ginseng marc, or 2% red ginseng marc + 200 IU α-tocopherol kg−1 and randomly allocated to five dietary groups (15 floor pens), so that each group had three replicates and 15 broilers per pen (0.09 m2 ...
Last. Shuying Liu(CAS: Chinese Academy of Sciences)H-Index: 8
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Water-soluble ginseng oligosaccharides (WGOS) composed of d-glucose with a degree of polymerisation ranging from 2 to 14 were obtained from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. In this study, the anti-tumour and immunoregulatory effects of WGOS were evaluated in Hepatoma-22 (H22)-bearing mice. Treatment with WGOS inhibited tumour growth in vivo and significantly increased relative spleen and thymus weight, serum tumour necrosis factor-α level, spleen lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, ...
Last. Yifa Zhou(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 29
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Pectin has been shown to inhibit the actions of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein associated with cancer progression. The structural features of pectin involved in this activity remain unclear. We investigated the effects of different ginseng pectins on galectin-3 action. The rhamnogalacturonan I-rich pectin fragment, RG-I-4, potently inhibited galectin-3-mediated hemagglutination, cancer cell adhesion and homotypic aggregation, and binding of galectin-3 to T-cells. RG-I-4 specifically...
#1Yan-Li Lü(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)
#2Jun Liang(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 12
Last. Yong-Gang Xia(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 20
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Abstract In this study, a novel two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS-IR) is presented to rapidly characterize and discriminate polysaccharides in Panax ginseng (PGP), P. notoginseng (PNP), and P. quinquefolius (PQP) using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–based on single-characteristic temperature as the external disturbance (2D-sATR-FTIR). Compared with two existing 2DCOS-IR methods based on gradient heating pathways using KBr pellet (100 mi...
Last. D. Wade Abbott(AAFC: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)H-Index: 33
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The production of biofuels as an efficient source of renewable energy has received considerable attention due to increasing energy demands and regulatory incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second-generation biofuel feedstocks, including agricultural crop residues generated on-farm during annual harvests, are abundant, inexpensive, and sustainable. Unlike first-generation feedstocks, which are enriched in easily fermentable carbohydrates, crop residue cell walls are highly resistant t...
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (P. ginseng) has a long history of medicinal use and can treat a variety of diseases. P. ginseng contains a variety of active ingredients, such as saponins, polypeptides, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. Among them, saponins have always been considered as the main components responsible for its pharmacological activities. However, more and more studies have shown that polysaccharides play an indispensable role in the medicinal value of ginseng. Modern biological and ...
#1Leeann Klassen(AAFC: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)H-Index: 3
#2Xiaohui Xing(AAFC: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)H-Index: 3
Last. D. Wade Abbott(U of L: University of Lethbridge)H-Index: 33
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The human diet is temporally and spatially dynamic, and influenced by culture, regional food systems, socioeconomics, and consumer preference. Such factors result in enormous structural diversity of ingested glycans that are refractory to digestion by human enzymes. To convert these glycans into metabolizable nutrients and energy, humans rely upon the catalytic potential encoded within the gut microbiome, a rich collective of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The development...
Last. Jincai Lu(SPU: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)H-Index: 14
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the production of sugars from ginseng residues treated with laccase. Laccase was used to degrade lignin from ginseng residues in order to increase the yield of sugars. Reaction conditions, including solid loading, pH, enzyme concentration, incubation temperature, and incubation time, were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the optimum conditions were 20% of solid loading (w/v), pH 7, 300 IU/ml, temperature of 40 °C and incubati...
Canola meal (CM), the protein-rich by-product of canola oil extraction, has shown promise as an alternative feedstuff and protein supplement in poultry diets, yet its use has been limited due to the abundance of plant cell wall fibre, specifically non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and lignin. The addition of exogenous enzymes to promote the digestion of CM NSP in chickens has potential to increase the metabolizable energy of CM. We isolated chicken cecal bacteria from a continuous-flow mini-biore...
#1Yong-Gang Xia(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 20
#2Xin Li(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 1
Last. Hai-Xue Kuang(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 27
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Abstract In this paper, a sequential gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry route was proposed for characterization of polysaccharides in Panax ginseng (PG), P. notoginseng (PN), and P. quinquefolius (PQ). Due to the reflection of stepped structure parameters, the resulting integrative profiles were tentatively defined as structural-fingerprinting of polysaccharides (SFP) with monosaccharide compositional fingerprinting (MCF), Smith degradation and non-degradation fingerprinting (SDF an...
#1Hui Wang(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)H-Index: 16
#2Yanhua Chen(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)H-Index: 1
Last. Yifen Lin(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)H-Index: 20
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Abstract Anxi persimmon is a popular fruit because of its appealing flavor and rich nutrients such as polysaccharides. However, the harvested persimmon fruit softens and deteriorates quickly. This study explored the influences of the treatment of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the contents of cell wall polysaccharides and activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes in harvested Anxi persimmons, as well as its effect on fruit softening. The results demonstrated that, in compariso...