Simultaneous combination of electromagnetic navigation with visual evoked potential in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: clinical experience and technical considerations

The combination of electromagnetic navigation with continuous monitoring techniques allows for the best available anatomic and real-time functional intraoperative monitoring. Methodological aspects and technical adaptations for this combination of methods and the results from 19 patients with tumors in the pituitary region are reported. We retrospectively identified 19 patients who were treated with transsphenoidal surgery using high-resolution...