Risk of selected gastrointestinal toxicities in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immuno-TKI combinations: a meta-analysis

Recent years have registered the advent of novel treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), including combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immuno-TKI combinations have been suggested to improve clinical outcomes but may also result in increased toxicity, including gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events.Herein, we performed a meta-analysis aimed at comparing the...