Tannin-furanic foams modified by soybean protein isolate (SPI) and industrial lignin substituting formaldehyde addition

Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was tested in this study as a crosslinker and formaldehyde substitute for preparing high biomass content sustainable rigid tannin-furanic-SPI (TFS) and lignin-tannin-furanic-SPI (LTFS) versatile foams. Additionally, flame retardancy was improved by lignin used as a natural fire-retardant. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass...