Strategies to improve photodynamic therapy efficacy by relieving the tumor hypoxia environment

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging technology for tumor treatment in which photosensitizer (PS)-mediated light irradiation reduces oxygen, producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause vascular injury and effectively kill tumor cells. However, the naturally hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the main obstacle that hinders the photodynamic response in vivo and prevents its extensive application to tumor treatment....