Non-invasive monitoring of in vivo bone regeneration based on alkaline phosphatase-responsive scaffolds

Although numerous biomaterials have been fabricated as scaffolds for the application of tissue engineering, real-time non-invasive monitoring of in vivo bone regeneration is still a big challenge. Particularly, the early osteogenesis is difficult to detect using conventional imaging modalities, such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the limited amount of neo-bone tissue. Herein we report on alkaline...