Engineering

Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance

Neuroscience

Prefrontal cortex

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Cognition

Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Anterior cingulate cortex

Cognitive impairment

Stimulation

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Stroop effect

Resting state fMRI

Mechanical engineering

Psychology

Stroke (engine)

Brain activity and meditation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Internal medicine

Electroencephalography

Medicine

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Audiology

Randomized controlled trial

Frontiers in Neural Circuits

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed for motor function rehabilitation for stroke patients, but its effects on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial.To identify the effects of rTMS intervention on PSCI patients and its potential neural correlates to behavioral improvements.We recruited 34 PSCI patients for 20 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS or no-stim control treatments over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, Victoria Stroop Test, Rivermead Behavior Memory Test, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessed with the Modified Barthel Index. 14 patients received functional MRI scan, a useful non-invasive technique of determining how structurally segregated and functionally specialized brain areas were interconnected, which was reflected by blood oxygenation level-dependent signals. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) were applied as the analytical approaches, which were used to measure the resting-state brain activity and functional connection.rTMS improved cognitive functions and ADLs for PSCI patients relative to patients who received no-stim control treatment. The cognitive improvements correlated to increased ALFF of the left medial prefrontal cortex, and increased FC of right medial prefrontal cortex and right ventral anterior cingulate cortex.10 Hz rTMS at DLPFC could improve cognitive function and quality of life for PSCI patients, which is associated with an altered frontal cortical activity.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-17011908, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.

Effects of rTMS Treatment on Cognitive Impairment and Resting-State Brain Activity in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial