Spatiotemporal dual-delivery of therapeutic gas and growth factor for prevention of vascular stent thrombosis and restenosis

Injury of endothelium is an inevitable consequence of cardiovascular stent implantation, which increases the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and late stent thrombosis (LST). Rapid and complete re-endothelialization, along with long-term suppression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are mandatory to alleviate these complications. To this goal, we designed a multi-functional stent coating, consisting of a vascular endothelial growth...