Environmental chemistry

Bamboo charcoal

Nitrification

Organic chemistry

Chemistry

Denitrifying bacteria

Nitrosomonas

Bamboo

Proteobacteria

Green waste

Compost

Nitrifying bacteria

Food science

16S ribosomal RNA

Fiber

Bacteria

Nitrogen

Genetics

Botany

Mesophile

Agronomy

Denitrification

Microbial population biology

Biology

Journal of Hazardous Materials

In this study, we systematically analyzed the microbial-driven effects of bamboo charcoal (BC) and bamboo vinegar (BV) on reducing NH3 and N2O emissions during aerobic composting. The results showed that BC and BV improved the nitrogen conversion and compost quality, but the combined BC + BV treatment obtained the best improvements. The BC, BV, and BC + BV treatments reduced the NH3 emissions by 14.35%, 17.90%, and 29.83%, respectively, and the N2O emissions by 44.83%, 55.96%, and 74.53%. BC and BV reduced the NH3 and N2O emissions during composting by controlling ammonia oxidation, where napA, nirK, and nosZ served as useful indicators of the N2O emissions from compost, especially the nirK gene. The dominant nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria, and the changes in environmental factors during composting significantly affected the succession of the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities. Nitrosomonas was a key nitrifying bacterial genus in the mesophilic composting period, and BC and BV may have reduced the NH3 emissions by enhancing its conversion to NH4+-N by Nitrosomonas. In addition, norank_p__environmental_samples, unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria, and unclassified_p__Proteobacteria were jointly responsible for driving the production of N2O during the compost maturity stage.

Microbial driven reduction of N2O and NH3 emissions during composting: Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar