Strontium‑containing α‑calcium sulfate hemihydrate promotes bone repair via the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway

Calcium phosphate‑based bone substitutes have been widely used for bone repair, augmentation and reconstruction in bone implant surgery. While some of these substitutes have shown excellent biological efficacy, there remains a need to improve the performance of the current calcium phosphate‑based bone substitutes. Strontium ions (Sr) can promote new osteogenesis, inhibit osteoclast formation and increase osteoconductivity. However, the...