Abstract Ginseng Radix et Rhizome, which originated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, has been used as traditional medicine in Asian for >2000 years. It is famous for its healthcare and therapeutic effects. Phytochemistry studies revealed that the major components of P. ginseng are: ginsenosides, polysaccharides, small peptides and essential oil. Modern research has proved that polysaccharide is one of the most important active ingredients in P. ginseng, which also takes up the largest slice of the chemical components. However, the past research was heavily oriented towards the small molecular ginsenosides. Thus, the main purpose of the present review is to summarize the preparation process, structure and biological functions of P. ginseng polysaccharides for further science research and application in medicine.
Abstract In this study, enzyme-assisted extraction was used to isolate functional polysaccharides from Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the extracted polysaccharides were investigated, comparing with those from traditional hot-water extraction (FGWP). In macrophages, their effects on cytokines production could be ordered as FGEP-CA ≥ FGEP-A > FGEP-C > FGWP, suggesting that FGEP-CA (combined cellulase- and α-amylase-extracted polysaccharid...
Abstract There is a great deal of interest in the use of ginseng in traditional medicine. Polysaccharides acidic and alkaline extracts were extracted using different methods from Panax ginseng. In an attempt to enhance the biological activities of the presently prepared ginseng extracts, they were subjected to structural modification by sulfation process. Ginseng polysaccharides extracts were used for evaluation of different biomedical activity such as prebiotic, fibrinolytic, anticoagulant, ant...
#2Zhenjing Jie(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 1
Last. Lin Sun(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 14
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Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) has been widely used as a herb and functional food in the world. Polysaccharides are the main active components of ginseng. In this paper, the polysaccharides were sequentially extracted by 50 mM Na 2 CO 3 , 1 M KOH and 4 M KOH from ginseng roots treated sequentially with hot water, α-amylase and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extraction. Na 2 CO 3 -soluble ginseng polysaccharide (NGP) was fractionated into one neutral and three acidic fractions by anion exch...
Last. Jianhua Xie(NCU: Nanchang University)H-Index: 35
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Abstract Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physio...
Abstract Panax ginseng has been studied for its chemo-preventive properties and pharmaceutical potential. Polyacetylenic compounds isolated from Panax ginseng root typically comprised of non-polar C 17 compound have been reported to exhibit bioactive properties. The objective of this project is to extract, isolate, and characterize bioactive polyacetylenes from Panax ginseng root using various extraction and separation methods Ginseng was extracted by reflux using methanol, ethanol, hexane, ethy...
A ginseng polysaccharide was extracted, purified, and modified by nitric acid-selenious acid (HNO3-H2SeO3) method to yield one selenylation-modified polysaccharide (sGP). We reported for the first time the anticancer potential of sGP on the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line and evaluated its relevant underlying mechanism. Our results showed that sGP markedly inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells via induction of apoptosis. The event of apoptosis was accompanied by the formation of apopt...
#1Wei Xiong(CQMU: Chongqing Medical University)H-Index: 4
#2Jing Li(CQMU: Chongqing Medical University)H-Index: 6
Last. Di-Long Chen(CQMU: Chongqing Medical University)H-Index: 6
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: Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), a polymer of glucose and the primary constituent extracted from panax ginseng, has been documented to exert various pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor properties. To provide further insights into the anti-tumor functions of GPS, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of GPS on apoptosis and the cell cycle of human leukemia cell line K562 cells, and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that GPS could inhibit K562 cell ...
#2Sanpha Kallon(SCAU: South China Agricultural University)H-Index: 3
Last. Guoqing Li(SCAU: South China Agricultural University)H-Index: 14
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To determine the effect of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides (APS, GPS) on immune response and improvement of H5N1 vaccine, 360-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 8 groups of 45 chicks, comprising APS groups (1–3); GPS groups (4–6); vaccine group (7); and blank control (8) (without polysaccharide and vaccine). From day 12 after hatch groups 1–3 were given APS and groups 4–6 with GPS both at 100, 200, and 400 (mg/kg), respectively. At day 15 after hatch, groups 1–7 were vaccinated w...
Last. Be-Jen Wang(NCYU: National Chiayi University)H-Index: 11
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A continuous supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fractionation was conducted to obtain ginsenosides and polysaccharides from Panax ginseng extract. P. ginseng was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 1:4 (volume by weight) for 24 h to yield ethanol extract. SC-CO2 fractionation was performed using an orthogonal design to obtain optimal fractionation parameters. The conditions were: three different temperatures (40, 50 and 60C), three different pressure levels (10, 20 and 30 MPa), three flow rates ...
#1Yan Zheng(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 1
#2Guang Yang(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 6
Last. Lin Sun(Northeast Normal University)H-Index: 14
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In the present study, polysaccharides were extracted from ginseng with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) after consecutive hot water and α-amylase extraction. The yield of EDTA-soluble ginseng polysaccharide (EGP) was 6.0%. Using anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography, EGP was fractionated into one major starch-like glucan (EGP-N), two minor glucan fractions (EGP-1a and EGP-1b) and four pectic fractions (EGP-2a, EGP-2b, EGP-3a and EGP-3b). High-performance liquid chromatography,...
Abstract null null Ethnopharmacological relevance null Ginseng is an ethnopharmacological herbal plant in Asian countries, particularly in Korea, China, and Japan. Ginseng saponins, including ginsenosides, are major active components in ginseng and have been demonstrated to have numerous pharmacological effects on various human diseases. null null null Aim of the review null Many previous studies investigating the anti-inflammatory effect of ginseng saponins have mostly focused on the ‘priming’ ...
Abstract Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer.) is an important agricultural heritage. Mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) is a popular health product in the market, the chemical composition of MCG can be influenced by the growth of years. Thus, this research analysed MCG samples grown for 5–25 years. Total ginsenosides and polysaccharides were measured spectrophotometrically, then metabolomics-based UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS methods were applied to evaluate the differences in chemical composition....
Last. Jae Youl Cho(SKKU: Sungkyunkwan University)H-Index: 65
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Abstract null null Panax polysaccharides are biopolymers that are isolated and purified from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Panax L. plants, which have attracted considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the composition and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides are reviewed. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides are described both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, Panax polysaccharides exert immunom...
#1Yan-Li Lü(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)
#2Jun Liang(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 12
Last. Yong-Gang Xia(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine)H-Index: 20
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Abstract In this study, a novel two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS-IR) is presented to rapidly characterize and discriminate polysaccharides in Panax ginseng (PGP), P. notoginseng (PNP), and P. quinquefolius (PQP) using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–based on single-characteristic temperature as the external disturbance (2D-sATR-FTIR). Compared with two existing 2DCOS-IR methods based on gradient heating pathways using KBr pellet (100 mi...
The immune system is one of our most complex biological systems in the body. The immune system dysfunction is responsible for various diseases like cancer and other infectious diseases. So modulation of immune responses to much required for controlling the various infectious diseases. At present, the use of a variety of agents to enhance immunological and host defenses mainly by increasing the humoral antibody responses, enhancing the phagocytic activity of macrophages or modifying the cell-medi...
#2Ijaz Gul(University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)H-Index: 3
Last. Sarmad Ahmad Qamar(NTUT: National Taipei University of Technology)H-Index: 1
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Abstract Polysaccharides are omnipresent biomolecules that hold great potential as promising biomaterials for a myriad of applications in various biotechnological and industrial sectors. The presence of diverse functional groups renders them tailorable functionalities for preparing a multitude of novel bio-nanostructures. Further, they are biocompatible and biodegradable, hence, considered as environmentally friendly biopolymers. Application of nanotechnology in food science has shown many advan...
Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to cause an imbalance of the endogenous antioxidant system leading to an increase in skin cancer. Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) polysaccharides (GPS) can inhibit such an imbalance due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of topical formulations containing GPS nanoparticles (NPs) to inhibit UVB induced oxidative damage and skin cancer. Photoaging was conducted ...
The prevalence of acute respiratory infections and their impact on quality of life underlies the need for efficacious solutions that are safe, sustainable and economically viable. Polysaccharides in several (traditional) plant extracts have been shown to be immunostimulatory, and some studies suggest beneficial effects against respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the active polysaccharide constituents from affordable and renewable crops (bell pepper and carrot) using...