Gold microneedles fabricated by casting of gold ink used for urea sensing

Here we present the simple and effective fabrication method of an array of gold microneedles (AuMNs) via the casting of conductive gold ink. To demonstrate the potential of MN arrays as electrochemical biosensors we functionalized AuMNs with an epoxy- and ferrocene-functional polymeric mediator and covalently immobilised urease. The performance of the MN array biosensor for urea detection was assessed in artificial interstitial fluid and...