Sleep and sleep disordered breathing in children with down syndrome: Effects on behaviour, neurocognition and the cardiovascular system

Down syndrome (DS), the most common human chromosomal malformation, has an estimated annual incidence of one in 1000 live births worldwide. Sleep problems are common in children with DS, reported by parents in up to 65% of school-aged children, significantly higher rates than in typically developing (TD) children. Problems include difficulty in sleep initiation and maintenance together with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which affects up to over...