Enhanced performance of cellulose triacetate membranes using binary mixed additives for forward osmosis desalination

In this study, on a basis of the single additive optimization experiments of the cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis (FO) membranes, the CTA FO membranes with binary mixed pore-forming additives were designed and fabricated to retrofit the membrane structure and separation performance for FO desalination. The binary mixed additives such as acetic acid-lactic acid (AA-LA), acetic acid-maleic acid (AA-MA) as well as zinc chloride-lactic...