Microwave as skin permeation enhancer for transdermal drug delivery of chitosan-5-fluorouracil nanoparticles

This study investigated transdermal drug delivery mechanisms of chitosan nanoparticles with the synergistic action of microwave in skin modification. Chitosan nanoparticles, with free or conjugated 5-fluorouracil, were prepared by nanospray-drying technique. Their transdermal drug delivery profiles across untreated and microwave-treated skins (2450 MHz 5 min, 5 + 5 min; 3985 MHz 5 min) were examined. Both constituent materials of nanoparticles...