Heterogeneous Doping to Improve the Performance of Thin-Film Hematite Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting

Ti-doped, undoped, and Zn-doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) thick (∼1 μm) films were found to be n-type, weak n-type, and p-type, respectively. Heterogeneous doping profiles were generated in 30 nm thick hematite stacks on F:SnO2-coated glass substrates with 25 nm thick SnO2 underlayers in order to investigate the effect of different doping profiles on photoelectrochemical performance and compare with homogeneously doped counterpart photoelectrodes....