Stabilization of Snail through AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway is required for TNF-α-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer PC3 cells

Metastasis induced by chronic inflammation has been considered as a major challenge during cancer therapy. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with cancer invasion and metastasis promoted by pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. However, the mechanisms underlying TNFα-induced EMT in prostate cancer cells is not entirely clear. Here we showed that EMT induced by longstanding stimulation with TNFα in prostate cancer PC3 cells is...