Internal medicine

Pathology

Mesenchymal stem cell

Slug

Epithelium

Transdifferentiation

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Transcription factor

Biology

Gene

Cancer

Myoepithelial cell

Immunohistochemistry

Metastasis

Stem cell

Salivary gland

Epithelial tissue

Pleomorphic adenoma

Cell biology

Cancer research

Genetics

Medicine

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a localized tumor that presents pleomorphic or mixed characteristics of epithelial origin and is interwoven with mucoid tissue, myxoid tissue, and chondroid masses. The literature reported that PA most often occurs in adults aged 30–60 years and is a female predilection; the exact etiology remains unclear. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the transdifferentiation of stationary epithelial cells primarily activated by a core set of transcription factors (EMT-TFs) involved in DNA repair and offers advantages under various stress conditions. Data have suggested that EMTs represent the basic principle of tissue heterogeneity in PAs, demonstrating the potential of adult epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported that multiple TFs, such as TWIST and SLUG, are involved in EMT in PA and that SLUG could play an essential role in the transition from myoepithelial to mesenchymal cells. Given this background, this review aims to summarize and clarify the involvement of EMT in the development of PA, chondrocyte differentiation, and malignant transformation to contribute to the fundamental elucidation of the mechanisms underlying EMT.

Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Glands and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition