Pathoanatomy of the Anterolateral Tibial Fragment in Ankle Fractures

The anterior distal tibial tubercle provides attachment to the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis. It may be considered a fourth, or anterior, malleolus (AM). Fractures of the AM may extend into the tibial incisura and tibial plafond. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pathoanatomy of AM fractures and associated ankle injuries.One hundred and forty patients (median age, 61.0 years) with a total of 140 acute malleolar fractures (OTA/AO...