Psychological intervention

Coronary artery bypass surgery

Revascularization

Percutaneous

Artery

Cardiology

Bypass surgery

Psychiatry

Coronary artery disease

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Myocardial infarction

Internal medicine

Epidemiology

Medicine

Disease

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Biological and sociocultural differences between men and women are complex and likely account for most of the variations in the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) between the 2 sexes. Worse outcomes in women have been described following both conservative and invasive treatments of CAD. For example, increased levels of residual platelet reactivity during treatment with antiplatelet drugs, higher rates of adverse cardiovascular outcomes following percutaneous coronary revascularization, and higher operative and long-term mortality after coronary bypass surgery have been reported in women compared with in men. Despite the growing recognition of sex-specific determinants of outcomes, representation of women in clinical studies remains low and sex-specific management strategies are generally not provided in guidelines. This review summarizes the current evidence on sex-related differences in patients with CAD, focusing on the differential outcomes following medical therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions, and coronary artery bypass surgery.

Sex-Related Outcomes of Medical, Percutaneous, and Surgical Interventions for Coronary Artery Disease