Master-equation-based approach to stochastic processes in few-electron systems and advanced considerations for practical applications

This paper revisits the master-equation-based approach to physical parameters to characterize transport in three-dimensional and low-dimensional few-electron systems. Advanced expressions of the electron density are theoretically derived at equilibrium for a system having traps. It is revealed that electron density at equilibrium is slightly higher than that without any interface traps as a result of the influence of dynamic trapping/detrapping...