Kinematics approach to energy efficiency for non-holonomic underactuated robotics in sustainable manufacturing

As the energy efficiency is a worldwide topic for sustainability in sustainable manufacturing, the industry ought to undertake the responsibility in a low energy manner. For energy efficiency, this paper proposed a novel lightweight non-holonomic spherical underactuated robot (NSUR) with lower energy consumption and fewer actuators than traditional robotics. The kinematics of a robot refers to the motion analysis, such as coordinates, velocity,...