The Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Use of Both Cigarettes and Alcohol on Chinese Older Adults’ Sleep: Results from a Longitudinal Study

We examined the effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of both cigarettes and alcohol on changes in sleep quality and duration among Chinese older adults. Using four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), we employed Cox two-state regression models to examine the changes in sleep quality and duration. The results showed the following: (1) Former users (cigarettes and/or alcohol), current alcohol...