Hyaluronic acid-based interpenetrating network hydrogel as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus repair

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component of the intervertebral disc (IVD) that is widely investigated as an IVD biomaterial. One persisting challenge is introducing materials capable of supporting cell encapsulation and function, yet with sufficient mechanical stability. In this study, a hybrid interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was produced as a non-covalent hydrogel, based on a covalently cross-linked HA (HA-BDDE) and...