Technical aspects of the use of cytopathological specimens for diagnosis and predictive testing in malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lung

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide but recent years have seen a rapidly rising proportion of cases of advanced non-small cell carcinoma amenable to increasingly targeted therapy, initially based on the differential response to systemic treatment of tumours of squamous or glandular differentiation. In two-thirds of the cases, where patients present with advanced disease, both primary pathological diagnosis and biomarker...