Synergy Versus Trade-Off: The Influence of National Philanthropic Environment and Industry on the Relationship Between Research and Development and Corporate Social Responsibility

International marketing research has demonstrated that research and development (R&D) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are firm capabilities that can lead to competitive advantages in the international marketplace. A synergy versus trade-off dilemma on the R&D–CSR relationship has emerged as an important topic in the literature. The synergy approach suggests a positive link between R&D and CSR, whereas the trade-off approach...