Clinical and prognostic significance of antinuclear antibodies in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: A multicenter retrospective study

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (1) is defined by the development of vascular thrombosis, or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) can be detected in primary APS patients without any clinical systemic autoimmune disease. The presence of ANA antibodies could confer a specific phenotype in primary APS.To evaluate the characteristics of APS patients with antinuclear...