Premenstrual Exacerbations of Mood Disorders: Findings and Knowledge Gaps

In contrast to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), premenstrual exacerbations (PMEs) of ongoing mood disorders are understudied. The aim of this review is to describe diagnostic issues, epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and treatment for PME in unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and to discuss clinical and research implications.Community-based and clinical studies estimate that in women with mood disorders around 60% report PME,...