Recrystallization kinetics, mechanisms, and topology in alloys processed by laser powder-bed fusion: AISI 316L stainless steel as example

Alloys manufactured by laser powder-bed fusion have intrinsic and hierarchical microstructural features inherited from the fast solidification (up to 104 K/s) and subsequent thermal cycles. This creates epitaxed grains, dislocation cell structures, and second-phase oxide nanoparticles. Epitaxed grains follow a pattern where finer grains are found in the melt pool centerline along the laser track. Upon further annealing, this characteristic...