How Updates in Chicago Classification Impact Clinical Practice

Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CC v4.0), published in 2021, presents several modifications largely aimed at minimizing over-diagnosis of inconclusive patterns on high-resolution manometry (HRM). These include: 1) introduction of a standardized HRM protocol for consistency among centers, 2) emphasis on the need for supportive data in instances of inconclusive manometric patterns, 3) required presence of relevant symptoms in certain instances...