Mechanisms linking hypoxia to phosphorylation of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 in baboon fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and in cell culture

Hypoxia increases fetal hepatic insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) phosphorylation mediated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. Whether maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) causes fetal hypoxia remains unclear. We used fetal liver from a baboon ( Papio sp.) model of intrauterine growth restriction due to MNR (70% global diet of Control) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells as a model for human...