Dynorphin A (1–8) inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in MCAO rats, affording neuroprotection through NMDA receptor and κ-opioid receptor channels

The contents of Dynorphin A(1-8) decreased gradually in ischemic cortices in rats and an intracerebroventricular administration of synthetic Dynorphin A(1-8) reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in our previous research. However, the specific protective mechanism is unclear and Dynorphin A(1-8) is unlikely to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by noninvasive oral or intravenous administration as a macromolecule neuropeptide. In this study,...