A bistable X-structured electromagnetic wave energy converter with a novel mechanical-motion-rectifier: Design, analysis, and experimental tests

• A novel bistable X-structured ocean energy converter is proposed and investigated. • The inherent bistable stiffness and quasi-zero stiffness are shown to be very beneficial to enhance ocean power generation. • The novel MMR with the energy-storing-releasing mechanism achieves 200% higher instant voltage than its traditional counterparts. • It has great potentials in powering electronic devices for monitoring and sensing in smart oceans....