A pre-treatment concept for increasing the recovery ratio of coastline BWRO plants, while providing Mg2+ in the product water

The maximal recovery ratio of brackish water RO desalination plants located on the coastline can be significantly increased by exchanging Ca2+ with Mg2+ and Na+ ions in the raw water by passing the water through a cationic ion-exchange (CIX) resin which is thereafter regenerated with seawater. The concept allows also enriching the product water with Mg2+, at no additional cost. The Ca2+ fraction (equivalent-based) attached to the CIX resin at...