American Joint Committee on Cancer’s Staging System for Breast Cancer, Eighth Edition: Summary for Clinicians

Breast cancer is commonly staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system.The 7 th edition of the AJCC Staging Manual, was a purely anatomic staging method, which uses primary tumor size (T), nodal involvement (N), and metastasis (M) based on clinical and pathological evaluations.Advancements in tumor biology and prognostic biological markers, such as estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and...