Effects of Translumbosacral Neuromodulation Therapy on Gut and Brain Interactions and Anorectal Neuropathy in Fecal Incontinence: A Randomized Study

Translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy (TNT) improves symptoms of fecal incontinence (FI), but its mechanism of action is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that TNT at one or more frequency will significantly improve underlying pathophysiology of FI through modulation of ascending and/or descending signaling pathways in the gut and brain axis and anorectal sensorimotor function.We assessed afferent anorectal-cortical evoked potentials (CEP)...