Robust dual-layer Janus membranes with the incorporation of polyphenol/Fe3+ complex for enhanced anti-oil fouling performance in membrane distillation

The effective treatment of oily saline wastewater has posed a challenge for membrane distillation (MD) technology due to the severe oil fouling. To address this dilemma, a Janus membrane was successfully developed in this study by incorporating tannic acid (TA)/ferric chloride (FeCl3) complex and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) onto the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane surface via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The...