External validation of three nomograms predicting survival using an international cohort of patients with resected pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma

Objective Lymph node ratio (LNR, positive lymph nodes/collected lymph nodes during surgery) was identified as an important prognostic factor of survival in resected pancreatic cancer. Several nomograms based on LNR were recently proposed to predict survival after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The present study aimed to externally validate 3 published nomograms using an international cohort. Methods Consecutive patients with ductal adenocarcinoma...