Direct generation of an ultrathin (8.5 nm) polyamide film with ultrahigh water permeance via in-situ interfacial polymerization on commercial substrate membrane

Generation of ultrathin polyamide (PA) film has been recognized as an effective strategy for fabricating thin film composite (TFC) NF membranes with ultrahigh water permeance and desirable selectivity. However, direct synthesis of an ultrathin PA film via conventional in-situ interface polymerization (ISIP) on commercial substrate membranes has been widely considered impossible. Here we demonstrated this challenge can be surmounted by...