Smart advanced responsive materials, synthesis methods and classifications: from Lab to applications

As high levels of complexity and efficiency are required in various applications, there has been growing interest in smart materials, which are known as responsive or intelligent materials. They response to external inputs, such as chemical stimuli (e.g. changes in concentration, humidity, and pH), mechanical stimuli (e.g. stress, strain, pressure), physical stimuli (e.g. light, sound, temperature, color), and electromagnetic stimuli (e.g....