E-cigarettes use prior to smoking combustible cigarettes among dual users: The roles of social anxiety and E-cigarette outcome expectancies

E-cigarette use is prevalent, and rates of use continue to increase. Although e-cigarettes are often used to help combustible users quit or reduce smoking, some use e-cigarettes in the absence of combustible cigarettes, increasing risk for smoking combustible cigarettes. Yet, little research has examined individual vulnerability factors implicated in transitioning from exclusive e-cigarettes use to dual use of combustible cigarettes. Social...