Purpose of review Direct endoscopic visualization of the biliary and pancreatic ducts by single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) and pancreatoscopy (SOP) is an expanding technique with an increasing number of indications. This review provides technical tips and tricks and a literature update on the usefulness of SOC and SOP in clinical practice.
Biliary changes secondary to portal hypertension, especially in portal cavernoma secondary to extrahepatic portal vein obstruction have long been described in literature under different names by various authors. Most of the times these changes are asymptomatic and discovered on imaging, but can occasionally cause obstructive jaundice. There is no consensus on the appropriate nomenclature and definition of this entity. This article reviews the history of portal hypertensive biliopathy and the Ind...
#1Susan M. Williams(UNMC: University of Nebraska Medical Center)H-Index: 11
#2David A. Burnett(UNMC: University of Nebraska Medical Center)H-Index: 16
Last. Murray J. Mazer(UNMC: University of Nebraska Medical Center)H-Index: 5
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Varicose veins may occur along the course of the common bile duct in patients with extrahepatic obstruction of the portal vein. These may cause partial biliary obstruction or excessive bleeding during biliary surgery. The cholangiographic appearance of choledochal varices is described.