The effects of acute exercise on bone turnover markers in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review

Bone turnover is the cellular machinery responsible for bone integrity and strength and, in the clinical setting, it is assessed using bone turnover markers (BTMs). Acute exercise can induce mechanical stress on bone which is needed for bone remodelling, but to date, there are conflicting results in regards to the effects of varying mechanical stimuli on BTMs. This systematic review examines the effects of acute aerobic, resistance and impact...