Gene

Coronavirus

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

Biology

Viral replication

Peptide

Virology

TMPRSS2

Receptor

Proteases

Biochemistry

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Outbreak

Furin

Serine protease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Protease

Viral entry

Enzyme

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Internal medicine

Peptide library

Medicine

Chemistry

Virus

Peptide sequence

Transmembrane protein

Disease

Pathology

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

To date, no effective vaccines or therapies are available against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pandemic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Due to their safety, efficacy and specificity, peptide inhibitors hold great promise for the treatment of newly emerging viral pathogens. Based on the known structures of viral proteins and their cellular targets, antiviral peptides can be rationally designed and optimized. The resulting peptides may be highly specific for their respective targets and particular viral pathogens or exert broad antiviral activity. Here, we summarize the current status of peptides inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry and outline the strategies used to design peptides targeting the ACE2 receptor or the viral spike protein and its activating proteases furin, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), or cathepsin L. In addition, we present approaches used against related viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 that might be implemented for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Peptide and peptide-based inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry