Exosomal miRNA-19a and miRNA-614 Induced by Air Pollutants Promote Proinflammatory M1 Macrophage Polarization via Regulation of RORα Expression in Human Respiratory Mucosal Microenvironment

Air pollution exposure leads to various inflammatory diseases in the human respiratory system. Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease caused by viruses, bacteria, or air pollutants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which air particulate matter (PM) causes inflammation and disease remain unclear. In this article, we report that the induction of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) from human nasal epithelial cells upon...