A New Dyspnea Evaluation System Focusing on Patients’ Perceptions of Dyspnea and Their Living Disabilities: The Linkage between COPD and Frailty

Background: As much as there are unmet needs for brief frailty assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the lack of a simplified and comprehensive dyspnea evaluation system that focuses on the patients’ perceptions of dyspnea and their COPD living disabilities remains a major challenge. We developed patient-reported outcome measures for dyspnea-related behavior and activity limitation (PROMs-D), which consisted...