Process hybridization schemes for multiscale engineered tissue biofabrication

Recapitulation of multiscale structure-function properties of cells, cell-secreted extracellular matrix, and 3D architecture of natural tissues is central to engineering biomimetic tissue substitutes. Toward achieving biomimicry, a variety of biofabrication processes have been developed, which can be broadly classified into five categories-fiber and fabric formation, additive manufacturing, surface modification, remote fields, and other notable...