Flocculation performance of papermaking sludge-based flocculants in different dye wastewater treatment: Comparison with commercial lignin and coagulants

In this study, papermaking sludge-based flocculant (PSBF) and commercial lignin-based flocculant (LBF) have been synthesized by the same graft copolymerization procedures. The structures of alkaline lignin (AL), commercial lignin and the two flocculants were characterized by the modern analytical methods, also, the molecular weights and charge properties were analyzed. The effects of coagulant/flocculant dosages, pH conditions and coexistent dye...