Chloride-initiated corrosion in alkali activated reinforced concrete

Published on Jan 1, 2021in Cement & Concrete Composites7.586
· DOI :10.1016/J.CEMCONCOMP.2020.103823
Pal Mangat18
Estimated H-index: 18
 (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University), Olalekan Ojedokun5
Estimated H-index: 5
 (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University), Paul Lambert11
Estimated H-index: 11
 (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)
Source
Abstract
Abstract The use of ordinary Portland cement (PC) as the principal binder in concrete brings with it significant environmental challenges through the consumption of fossil fuels and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) during cement production. Concrete specimens made with an alkali activated cementitious material (AACM) produced from an alternative binder and conventional Portland cement concrete were exposed to corrosion inducing environments for 1750 days to monitor their relative durability. AACM concrete shows higher corrosion potential Ecorr and corrosion current densities Icorr than PC concrete due to a reducing environment around the steel surface in AACM concrete, caused by high sulfide concentration in the pore solution. Corrosion resistance of the AACM concretes increases with increasing molarity of the alkali activator, at a constant liquid to binder ratio. The threshold Cl−/OH− value for pitting corrosion initiation in the AACM concrete is between 2.1 and 2.8 compared with 1.08 for the control PC concrete. The AACM concrete evaluated in this study showed greater resistance to chloride induced corrosion than the PC concrete.
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References45
Newest
May 29, 2020·Cement & Concrete Composites7.59
#1Pal Mangat (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 18
#2Olalekan Ojedokun (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 5
Abstract This paper investigates the free chloride profiles, diffusion parameters and chloride binding capacity of an alkali activated concrete (AACM) together with a control Portland cement (PC) concrete. Ggbs based AACM concrete specimens with different molarity of activator were exposed to a 5% NaCl solution for 540days to determine their free chloride diffusion properties. The relationships between the free and bound chloride concentration were determined by applying Freundlich and Langmuir ...
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May 10, 2020·Construction and Building Materials6.14
#1P.P. Li (TU/e: Eindhoven University of Technology)H-Index: 10
#2Hjh (Jos) Jos Brouwers (TU/e: Eindhoven University of Technology)H-Index: 64
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Abstract This paper aims to optimize high-volume limestone powder in sustainable ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and characterize its roles on plasticization effect, hydration kinetics, microstructure and hardened properties. The spread flow, hydration products, compressive strength, porosity and pore structure, shrinkage, embedded CO2 emission and unit cost are investigated with different substitution levels of binders by limestone powder, varying from 0 to 80 vol%. Results show that re...
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Feb 13, 2020·Materials and Structures3.43
#1Gregor J. G. Gluth (BAM: Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung)H-Index: 14
#2K. Arbi (TU Delft: Delft University of Technology)H-Index: 17
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Many standardised durability testing methods have been developed for Portland cement-based concretes, but require validation to determine whether they are also applicable to alkali-activated materials. To address this question, RILEM TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ carried out round robin testing of carbonation and chloride penetration test methods, applied to five different alkali-activated concretes based on fly ash, blast furnace slag or metakaolin. The methods a...
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#1Olalekan OjedokunH-Index: 5
#2Pal MangatH-Index: 18
Alkali activated cementitious materials (AACM) concrete is a sustainable alternative to Portland cement PC concrete by reducing CO2 emitted during the production of PC by 60%. Fundamental investigations on alkali activated concrete (AACM) has been on their engineering properties with less emphasis on the service life and durability properties. The carbonation effect on concrete is crucial for its service life prediction. This paper investigates the suitability of phenolphthalein indicator method...
Jul 10, 2019·Construction and Building Materials6.14
#1Pal Mangat (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 18
#2Olalekan Ojedokun (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 5
Abstract Alkali activated cementitious material (AACM) concrete and conventional concrete specimens of similar strength, developed for structural applications, were exposed to a 5% NaCl solution. Bound chloride concentrations (water and acid soluble) were determined up to 270 days of chloride exposure. Chloride diffusion profiles with depth and diffusion parameters C0 and Dc were derived from the data for water soluble, acid soluble and total bound chloride concentrations in order to develop lon...
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Nov 10, 2018·Construction and Building Materials6.14
#1Pal Mangat (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 18
#2Olalekan Ojedokun (SHU: Sheffield Hallam University)H-Index: 5
Abstract The paper investigates the effect of wet/dry, wet and dry curing on the pore properties and strength of an alkali activated cementitious (AACM) mortar. The pore characteristics were determined from the cumulative and differential pore volume curves obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry. AACM mortars possess a bimodal pore size distribution while the control PC mortar is unimodal. AACM mortars have a lower porosity, higher capillary pore volume, lower gel pore volume and lower critic...
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Oct 8, 2018·International Journal of Corrosion
#1Johan Ahlström (Chalmers University of Technology)H-Index: 5
#2Johan TidbladH-Index: 16
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The electrochemical properties of various iron oxide scales on steel exposed in saturated calcium hydroxide solutions were investigated. The iron oxide scales were manufactured by different heat treatments and grinding processes and characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical properties of the scales were assessed by measuring the corrosion potential and using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. It was fo...
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#1Olalekan OjedokunH-Index: 5
#2Pal MangatH-Index: 18
An Investigation on the mineralogical and chemical characterization, pore structure, chemical shrinkage and pozzolanic activity of commercially produced rice husk ashes (RHA 1 and 2) and a control silica fume (SF) are presented in this paper. RHA possesses high silica content like silica fume which is used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the production of concrete. There is a need for an alternative to silica fume in the production of concrete because of its high demand and rela...
Jun 4, 2018·Frontiers in Materials3.52
#1Maria Criado (University of Sheffield)H-Index: 27
#2John L. Provis (University of Sheffield)H-Index: 92
The pore solutions of alkali-activated slag cements and Portland-based cements are very different in terms of their chemical and redox characteristics, particularly due to the high alkalinity and high sulfide content of alkali-activated slag cement. Therefore, differences in corrosion mechanisms of steel elements embedded in these cements could be expected, with important implications for the durability of reinforced concrete elements. This study assesses the corrosion behaviour of steel embedde...
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#1Shishir Mundra (University of Sheffield)H-Index: 5
#2Susan A. Bernal (University of Sheffield)H-Index: 55
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The development of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) has seen significant progress in the past decades. However, there still remains significant uncertainty regarding their long term performance when used in steel-reinforced structures. The durability of AAMs in such applications depends strongly on the corrosion behaviour of the embedded steel reinforcement, and the experimental data in the literature are limited and in some cases inconsistent. This let...
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#1Feng Zhang
#2Xun Xi
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In this paper, the recent research progress on the corrosion of reinforced alkali-activated materials (AAMs) concrete structures is reviewed. The corrosion mechanisms induced by carbonation and chloride ingress in AAMs concrete are discussed, from the perspectives of composition, microstructure and pore solution chemistry, in comparison to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. The steel–alkali-activated concrete interface is a key to investigating corrosion initiation and propagation, which h...
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Apr 29, 2021·Applied Sciences
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Feb 1, 2021·Corrosion Science7.21
#1Jinjie Shi (SEU: Southeast University)H-Index: 15
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Abstract The long-term corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel embedded in alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar, when subjected to aggressive marine environments (chloride exposure and atmospheric exposure) for 54 months, was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Corrosion morphology at the steel-mortar interface, composition of steel corrosion products and microstructure of mortar substrate were also investigated for AAS mortar in differe...
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1
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